Generalized Bondage Number

The k-synchronous bondage number of a graph

Authors

  • Rey Anaya Moravian College
  • Alvaro Belmonte Moravian College
  • Nathan Shank Moravian University
  • Elise Sinani Virginia Tech
  • Bryan Walker University of Tennessee, Knoxville

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33043/7dkds89xqme

Abstract

We investigate a generalization of the bondage number of a graph called the k-synchronous bondage number. The k-synchronous bondage number of a graph is the smallest number of edges that, when removed, increases the domination number by k. In this paper, we discuss the 2-synchronous bondage number and then generalize to the k -synchronous bondage number. We present k -synchronous bondage numbers for several graph classes and give bounds for general graphs. We propose this characteristic as a metric of the connectivity of a simple graph with possible uses in the field of network design and optimization.

Author Biographies

Rey Anaya, Moravian College

Rey Anaya was raised in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, and is a graduate of Freedom High School. In 2021, he earned a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics with a minor in Computer Science from Moravian College. Following graduation, he enlisted in the United States Air Force and is currently stationed at Whiteman Air Force Base, home of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber.

Alvaro Belmonte, Moravian College

Alvaro Belmonte earned an Associate's degree in Engineering from Northampton Community College in 2018, followed by a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from Moravian College in 2020. He is now pursuing a Ph.D. in Mathematics at Johns Hopkins University, where his research focuses on category theory.

Nathan Shank, Moravian University

Nathan Shank is a Professor of Mathematics and the Louise E. Juley Chair in Sciences at Moravian University. He has been involved in REU projects for over a decade and enjoys exploring problems at the intersection of mathematics and computer science.

Elise Sinani, Virginia Tech

Elise Sinani graduated from Virginia Tech in 2020 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics. This research was completed as part of a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) during the summer before her senior year. Since graduation, she has focused on raising a family, including teaching mathematics to her children.

Bryan Walker, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Bryan Walker received his Bachelor's degree in Mathematics and Physics in 2020 from Sewanee: The University of the South. He is currently a Ph.D. student in geometric analysis at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. His primary research interests include mathematical physics and relativity.

References

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Published

2025-12-23

How to Cite

Anaya, R., Belmonte, A., Shank, N., Sinani, E., & Walker, B. (2025). Generalized Bondage Number: The k-synchronous bondage number of a graph. Mathematics Exchange, 19(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.33043/7dkds89xqme