Searching for Social Justice
How Counselor Educators Incorporate Multicultural and Social Justice Praxis across CACREP Accredited Programs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33043/y98zc67324Keywords:
counselor education, Social justice, racial identity, training and developmentAbstract
Counselor educators in CACREP programs are mandated to include social justice in their training of counseling students. However, counseling preparation programs have failed to adequately train counseling professionals to understand and implement social justice frameworks. Using an exploratory mixed methods design, we explored counselor educators’ educational and training background in social justice concepts as well as their teaching experiences infusing social justice throughout CACREP core curriculum. Strategies counselor educators use to seek knowledge about and incorporate social justice in their praxis are presented. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between counselor educators’ racial identity and their practice of implementing social justice frameworks into their teaching.
Downloads
References
Ahluwalia, M. K., Ayala, S. I., Locke, A. F., & Nadrich, T. (2019). Mitigating the “Powder Keg”: The Experiences of Faculty of Color Teaching Multicultural Competence. Teaching of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628319848864
American Counseling Association (2014). ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
Brubaker, M. D., Puig, A., Reese, R. F. and Young, J. (2010), Integrating social justice into counseling theories pedagogy: A case example. Counselor Education and Supervision, 50, 88-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00111.x
Chapman-Hilliard, C. & Parker, B. (2022). Embodied social justice learning: Considerations for curriculum development and training in counseling programs. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 14(1), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.14.1.77-93
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Programs. (2016). 2016 CACREP Standards. Alexandria, VA: Author. https://www.cacrep.org/section-2-professional-counseling-identity/
Council for the Accreditation for Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2018). 2017 CACREP vital statistics: Results from a national survey of accredited programs. Alexandria, VA: Author.
https://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2017-CACREP-Vital-Statistics-Report.pdf
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2022). CACREP vital statistics 2022: Results from a national survey of accredited programs. Alexandria, VA: Author. https://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2022-Vital-Statistics-Report.pdf
Counselors for Social Justice. (2020). A call for social justice in the American Counseling Association (ACA). Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 12(1), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.12.1.2-1
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Cross, W. E., Jr., & Vandiver, B. J. (2001). Nigrescence theory and measurement: Introducing the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS). In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (2nd ed., pp. 371–393). Sage Publications, Inc.
Donald, E. J. & Moro, R. R. (2014). Engaging students and supervisees in social justice: The social justice toolbox. VISTAS Online. https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/vistas/article_10.pdf?sfvrsn=1c003afc_12
Dong, S., Oire, E. S., & Rogers-Bonaccorsy, R. (2015). Assessing infusion of social justice in rehabilitation counselor education curriculum. Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education, 29(4). doi: 10.1891/2168-6653.29.4.406
Ferguson, A. L., White, E. E., Walo-Roberts, S., Martinez, T., Crawford, C., Nadrich, T. (2023). Black AF: An autoethnography of how six ethnically diverse counselor educators used community as a tool of decolonizing the academy. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 62, 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/johc.12206
Hannon, M. D., White, E. E., & Fleming, H. (2023). Ambivalence to action: Addressing systemic racism in counselor education. Counselor Education and Supervision, 62, 108–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12264
Helms, J. E. (1995). An update of Helm’s White and people of color racial identity models. In J. G. Ponterotto, J. M. Casas, L. A. Suzuki, & C. M. Alexander (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural counseling (pp. 181–198). Sage Publications, Inc.
Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. (n.d.) Number and percentage distribution of Title IV institutions, by control of institution, level of institution, and region: United States and other U.S. jurisdictions, academic year 2022–23. https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/search/viewtable?tableId=35945
Killian, T., & Floren, M. (2020). Exploring the relationship between pedagogy and counselor‐trainees’ multicultural and social justice competence. Journal of Counseling and Development, 98, 295– 307. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12324
Lee, C. C., & Gomez, I. (2011). Social justice as the fifth force in counseling. In C.Y. Chang, C.A. Barrio-Minton (Eds.), Professional counseling excellence through leadership and advocacy (pp. 106–115). Routledge.
Medvide, M. B. (2022). Teaching cultural competence and social justice in a mental health counseling graduate course: Reflection and review of the literature. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 14(1), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.14.1.94-105
Miller, M. J., & Sendrowitz, K. (2011). Counseling psychology trainees’ social justice interest and commitment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022663
Motulsky, S., Gere, S., Saleem, R., & Trantham, S. (2014). Teaching social justice in counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 42(8), 1058-1083. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000014553855
Paisley, P. O., Bailey, D. F., Hayes, R. L., McMahon, H. G., & Grimmett, M. A. (2010). Using a cohort model for school counselor preparation to enhance commitment to social justice. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 35, 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2010.492903
Pieterse, A. L., Evans, S. A., Risner-Butner, A., Collins, N. M., & Mason, L. B. (2009). Multicultural competence and social justice training in counseling psychology and counselor education: A review and analysis of a sample of multicultural course syllabi. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008319986
Ratts, M. J., & Greenleaf, A. T. (2018). Counselor–advocate–scholar model: Changing the dominant discourse in counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 46(2), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12094
Ratts, M. J., Singh, A. A., Nassar-McMillian, S., Butler, S. K., & Mc Cullough, J. R. (2016). Multicultural and social justice counseling competencies: Guidelines for the counseling profession. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 44(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12035
Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications Limited.
Seward, D. X. (2014). Multicultural course pedagogy: Experiences of Master’s‐level students of color. Counselor Education and Supervision, 53(1), 62-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2014.00049.x
Sheperis C., Young J. S. & Daniels M. H. (2023). Counseling research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Shure, L., White, E. E., Green, D. A., Goodman, R. D., Dollarhide, C. T., Smith, S. D., Neal, F. (2023). Towards a decolonization of counseling: CSJ responds to racial violence & injustice. Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology, 15(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.15.1.2-13
Singh, A. A., Appling, B., & Trepal, H. (2020). Using the multicultural and social justice counseling competencies to decolonize counseling practice: The important roles of theory, power, and action. Journal of Counseling and Development, 98(3), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.1232
Singh, A. A., Hofsess, C. D., Boyer, E. M., Kwong, A., Lau, S. M., McLain, M., & Haggins, K. L. (2010). Social justice and counseling psychology: Listening to the voices of doctoral trainees. The Counseling Psychologist, 38, 766-795. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000010362559
Steele, J. M. (2008). Preparing counselors to advocate for social justice: A liberation model. Counselor Education and Supervision, 48(2), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2008.tb00064.x
Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: theory and practice (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Taylor, J. & Trevino, A. (2022). The good, the bad, and the ugly: Experiences, barriers, and self-efficacy enhancement for social justice-oriented faculty. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 14(1), 53–77. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.14.1.53-77
Vera, E. M., & Speight, S. L. (2003). Multicultural competence, social justice, and counseling psychology: Expanding our roles. The Counseling Psychologist, 31(3), 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000003031003001
Wilcox, M., Shaffer, K., Reid Marks, L., Hutchison, A., & Hargons, C. (2023). Answering the Call for Systems Change: Facilitating the Development of a Social Justice Theoretical Orientation and Skills in Counselor Trainees. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 14(2), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.14.2.2-24
Worrell F. C., Mendoza-Denton R., Wang A. (2019). Introducing a new assessment tool for measuring ethnic-racial identity: The Cross Ethnic-Racial Identity Scale-Adult (CERIS-A). Assessment, 26(3), 404-418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117698756
Worrell, F. C., Vandiver, B. J., Cross, W. E., Jr., & Fhagen-Smith, P. E. (2004). Reliability and structural validity of cross racial identity scale scores in a sample of African American adults. Journal of Black Psychology, 30(4), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798404268281
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ebony White, Tyce Nadrich, Sailume Walo-Roberts, Triana Martinez, Candice Crawford, Alfonso Ferguson
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
By submitting to JSACP, the author(s) agree to the terms of the Author Agreement. Beginning in 2018, all authors retain copyrights associated with their article contributions and agree to make such contributions available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license upon publication in JSACP. Copyrights to articles published prior to 2018 have been transferred from the authors to JSACP.
